在Python中使用Scrapy进行网络爬虫时,性能优化是一个重要的考虑因素。以下是一些常见的性能优化策略:
DOWNLOAD_DELAY
设置每个请求之间的延迟时间,避免对目标服务器造成过大压力。DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1.0 # 每个请求之间延迟1秒
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': None,
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware': None,
'scrapy_fake_useragent.middleware.RandomUserAgentMiddleware': 400,
'scrapy_fake_useragent.middleware.RetryUserAgentMiddleware': 401,
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 110,
'scrapy_ratelimit.middleware.RatelimitMiddleware': 610,
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 810,
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.statscollectors.StatsCollectorMiddleware': 900,
}
NUM_WORKERS
来增加工作线程数。NUM_WORKERS = 4 # 设置工作线程数
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 4 # 每个域名的并发请求数
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcache.HttpCacheMiddleware': 100,
}
scrapy-redis
。pip install scrapy-redis
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy_redis.RedisCacheMiddleware': 710,
}
yield {
'title': response.xpath('//title/text()').get(),
}
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': None,
'scrapy_fake_useragent.middleware.RandomUserAgentMiddleware': 400,
}
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 110,
'myproject.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 100,
}
LOG_FILE = 'scrapy.log'
LOG_LEVEL = 'INFO'
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'myproject.pipelines.MyPipeline': 300,
}
通过以上策略,可以有效地提高Scrapy爬虫的性能。根据具体需求和环境,可以选择合适的优化方法。