本文主要给大家介绍为什么mysql要使用主从模型,文章内容都是笔者用心摘选和编辑的,具有一定的针对性,对大家的参考意义还是比较大的,下面跟笔者一起了解下为什么mysql要使用主从模型吧。
主从复制的原理:主云服务器(master)上的二进制日志(binlog)中记录的操作,可以在从云服务器(slave)上的中继日志(relaylog)得到重放,进而可以实现数据的同步,保证数据的一致性;
主从复制的前提条件:
1. 主云服务器的数据需要先进行一次完全备份,在从云服务器上恢复;
2. 开启免密ssh登录;
3. 主云服务器上开启二进制日志,写入server_id,sync_binlog参数设置为1;
4. 从云服务器上开启中继日志,写入server_id,开启读锁(从云服务器只可读不可写);
从云服务器上对复制相关的线程(show slave status\G);
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
IO_thread:用于和Master相连接,监控和接收Master的二进制日志;
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
SQL_thread:用于监控,读取和重放中继日志的日志信息,并将数据写入到数据库中;
根据从云服务器上对复制的线程,我们就可以知道,主从复制就是,master上的操作都被记录在binlog中,然后slave上的IO_thread就将master中的binlog记录的内容复制到本地的relaylog中,最后SQL_thread就将relaylog记录的内容重放,达到数据一致的目标;
1.首先需要master和slave可以免密通信;
2.对master和slave的主配置文件进行修改;
Master的mysql主配置文件:(默认/etc/my.cnf)
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
innodb_file_per_table=ON
skip_name_resolve=ON
log_bin=/var/lib/mysql/binlog #开启二进制日志
server_id=101 #赋予一个id
sync_binlog=1 #二进制日志同步至磁盘上
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 #每执行完一个事务后,及时写入磁盘
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
Slave的mysql的主配置文件(默认/etc/my.cnf);
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
innodb_file_per_table=ON
skip_name_resolve=ON
server_id=201 #赋予一个server_id
read_only=ON #开启读锁;
relay_log=slavelog #开启slave日志
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
3.启动master,将所有的数据库进行完全备份,并在slave上进行重放;
[root@master ~]# mysqldump -uroot -hlocalhost --all-databases -p > alldata.sql
Enter password:
[root@master ~]# scp alldata.sql 172.16.75.2:/
alldata.sql 100% 2803KB 22.1MB/s 00:00
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p < /alldata.sql
Enter password:
5.master授权一个具有replication的用户,可以让slave用于登录master进行复制日志内容,并记录当前二进制日志文件名及坐标(show master logs);
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repuser'@'%' identified by 'reppass';
MariaDB [(none)]> show master logs;
+---------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+---------------+-----------+
| binlog.000001 | 30379 |
| binlog.000002 | 1038814 |
| binlog.000003 | 9598 |
| binlog.000004 | 647 |
| binlog.000005 | 285 |
| binlog.000006 | 720 |
| binlog.000007 | 264 |
| binlog.000008 | 264 |
| binlog.000009 | 264 |
| binlog.000010 | 264 |
| binlog.000011 | 12140997 |
+---------------+-----------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
6.在slave上使用授权用户进行指定master的相关属性信息,并启动复制线程;
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='172.16.75.1',master_user='repuser',master_password='reppass',master_port=3306,master_log_file='binlog.000011',master_log_pos=12140997;
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.75.1
Master_User: repuser2
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000011
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 12140997
Relay_Log_File: slavelog.000018
Relay_Log_Pos: 12141278
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000011
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 12140997
Relay_Log_Space: 12141846
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 101
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
至此,主从模型搭建完毕,当我们在master上进行数据操作时,slave上也会进行记录,并重放至本地数据中;
验证:master上创建一个数据表,slave上也查看;
master端:
MariaDB [hellodb]> create table stu_info(SID int auto_increment not null primary key);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> desc stu_info;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| SID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
slave端:
MariaDB [(none)]> show tables from hellodb;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_hellodb |
+-------------------+
| classes |
| coc |
| courses |
| scores |
| students |
| teachers |
| toc |
+-------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> desc hellodb.stu_info;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| SID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
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