Oracle xmltype是从Oracle 9i开始支持一种新的数据类型,用于存储和管理xml数据,并提供了很多的functions,用来保存、检索和操作xml文档和管理节点。XMLType是系统定义的类型,所以可以使用它作为一个函数的参数或表或视图中的列的数据类型。也可以创建表和视图的XMLType。当你创建一个表中的一个XMLType列,你可以选择XML数据存储在一个CLOB列,作为二进制XML(内部存储为CLOB),或对象的关系。
下面将介绍Oracle XMLType的一些基本使用。
1、创建一个包含XMLType类型列的表,并插入测试数据
zx@TEST>create table t1 (id number,xml_data sys.xmltype); Table created. zx@TEST>desc t1 Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- ID NUMBER XML_DATA SYS.XMLTYPE zx@TEST>insert into t1 values(1,'abc'); insert into t1 values(1,'abc') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-31011: XML parsing failed ORA-19202: Error occurred in XML processing LPX-00210: expected '<' instead of 'a' Error at line 1 zx@TEST>insert into t1 values(1,'<abc>1</abc>'); 1 row created. zx@TEST>col xml_data for a80 zx@TEST>select * from t1; ID XML_DATA ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 <abc>1</abc>
从上面看出,XMLType可以做为列中列的数据类型,在插入数据时必须符合XML格式才能插入,否则会报错。
2、查看XMLType的存储形式
从user_segments视图中看出XMLType列是以LOB字段存储的
zx@TEST>select segment_name,segment_type from user_segments; SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ T1 TABLE SYS_IL0000074607C00003$$ LOBINDEX SYS_LOB0000074607C00003$$ LOBSEGMENT
查看user_lobs是否对应xml_data列
zx@TEST>col column_name for a30 zx@TEST>col table_name for a30 zx@TEST>select table_name,column_name,segment_name from user_lobs; TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME SEGMENT_NAME ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ T1 SYS_NC00003$ SYS_LOB0000074607C00003$$
从上面的查询结果可以看到LOBSEGMENT对应的表T1中的列SYS_NC00003$,而不是XML_DATA列,而且表T1中没有这个列,再次查询user_tab_cols视图
zx@TEST>col data_type for a30 zx@TEST>select TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,DATA_TYPE,HIDDEN_COLUMN,COLUMN_ID from user_tab_cols; TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME DATA_TYPE HIDDEN_CO COLUMN_ID ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------- ---------- T1 ID NUMBER NO 1 T1 XML_DATA XMLTYPE NO 2 T1 SYS_NC00003$ CLOB YES 2
从上面的查询中可以看出列SYS_NC00003$是表T1中的隐藏列,它与列XML_DATA列的COLUMN_ID都是2,说明它们是同一列。由此可以看出XMLType类型的数据由CLOB类型列协助保存。由下面的表定义也可以推断出这一点:
zx@TEST>select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','T1',USER) from dual; DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','T1',USER) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CREATE TABLE "ZX"."T1" ( "ID" NUMBER, "XML_DATA" "SYS"."XMLTYPE" ) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENT S 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" XMLTYPE COLUMN "XML_DATA" STORE AS BASICFILE CLOB ( TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE STORAGE IN ROW CHUNK 8192 PCTVER SION 10 NOCACHE LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAUL T))
3、关于XML的一些函数
1) sys.xmltype.createxml函数
使用sys.xmltype.createxml创建XMLType类型的数据
zx@TEST>insert into t1 values(2, 2 sys.xmltype.createxml('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 3 <collection xmlns=""> 4 <record> 5 <leader>-----nam0-22-----^^^450-</leader> 6 <datafield tag="200" ind1="1" ind2=" "> 7 <subfield code="a">抗震救灾</subfield> 8 <subfield code="f">奥运会</subfield> 9 </datafield> 10 <datafield tag="209" ind1=" " ind2=" "> 11 <subfield code="a">经济学</subfield> 12 <subfield code="b">计算机</subfield> 13 <subfield code="c">10001</subfield> 14 <subfield code="d">2005-07-09</subfield> 15 </datafield> 16 <datafield tag="610" ind1="0" ind2=" "> 17 <subfield code="a">计算机</subfield> 18 <subfield code="a">笔记本</subfield> 19 </datafield> 20 </record> 21 </collection>')); 1 row created. zx@TEST>commit; Commit complete. zx@TEST>col xml_data for a80 zx@TEST>select * from t1; ID XML_DATA ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <collection xmlns=""> <record> <leader>-----nam0-22-----^^^450-</leader> <datafield tag="200" ind1="1" ind2=" "> <subfield code="a">抗震救灾</subfield> <subfield code="f">奥运会</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="209" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="a">经济学</subfield> <subfield code="b">计算机</subfield> <subfield code="c">10001</subfield> <subfield code="d">2005-07-09</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="610" ind1="0" ind2=" "> <subfield code="a">计算机</subfield> <subfield code="a">笔记本</subfield> </datafield> </record> </collection>
2) extractvalue函数
extractvalue函数提供对XML文件的检索功能只能返回一个节点的一个值,如果该节点有多个值,则系统提示错误。
zx@TEST>col data for a80 zx@TEST>select extractvalue(i.xml_data,'/collection/record/leader') data from t1 i; DATA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----nam0-22-----^^^450- zx@TEST>select extractvalue(i.xml_data,'/collection/record/datafield') data from t1 i; select extractvalue(i.xml_data,'/collection/record/datafield') data from t1 i * ERROR at line 1: ORA-19025: EXTRACTVALUE returns value of only one node
3) extract函数
extract函数查询XMLType的内容,它可以返回一个节点下的所有值。它返回的是XML格式的。
zx@TEST>select extract(i.xml_data,'/collection/record/datafield/subfield') data from t1 i; DATA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <subfield xmlns="" code="a">抗震救灾</subfield><subfield xmlns="" code="f">奥运 会</subfield><subfield xmlns="" code="a">经济学</subfield><subfield xmlns="" cod e="b">计算机</subfield><subfield xmlns="" code="c">10001</subfield><subfield xml ns="" code="d">2005-07-09</subfield><subfield xmlns="" code="a">计算机</subfield ><subfield xmlns="" code="a">笔记本</subfield>
查询tag="610",且code="a"所对应的值
zx@TEST>select extract(i.xml_data,'/collection/record/datafield[@tag="610"]/subfield[@code="a"]') data from t1 i; DATA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <subfield xmlns="" code="a">计算机</subfield><subfield xmlns="" code="a">笔记本< /subfield>
4) table和XMLSequence
如果只想返回它值就要是用上面的两个函数了。
zx@TEST>select extractvalue(value(i),'/subfield') data 2 from t1 x, 3 table(xmlsequence(extract(x.xml_data,'/collection/record/datafield[@tag="610"]/subfield[@code="a"]'))) i; DATA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 计算机 笔记本
4) updatexml
使用updatexml更新XMLType里的内容,把tag="209"、code="a"的经济学修改为“赵旭”
zx@TEST>update t1 set xml_data= 2 updatexml(xml_data,'/collection/record/datafield[@tag="209"]/subfield[@code="a"]/text()','赵旭'); 1 row updated. zx@TEST>select * from t1; ID XML_DATA ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <collection xmlns=""> <record> <leader>-----nam0-22-----^^^450-</leader> <datafield tag="200" ind1="1" ind2=" "> <subfield code="a">抗震救灾</subfield> <subfield code="f">奥运会</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="209" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="a">赵旭</subfield> <subfield code="b">计算机</subfield> <subfield code="c">10001</subfield> <subfield code="d">2005-07-09</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="610" ind1="0" ind2=" "> <subfield code="a">计算机</subfield> <subfield code="a">笔记本</subfield> </datafield> </record> </collection>
参考:http://blog.csdn.net/r_youxia_dayu/article/details/6686106
http://database.51cto.com/art/200911/163928.htm
http://blog.itpub.net/17203031/viewspace-708738/
官方文档:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e40758/t_xml.htm#ARPLS369
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e41084/functions225.htm#SQLRF06172
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e41084/functions060.htm#SQLRF00640
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e41084/functions061.htm#SQLRF06173
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