[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.3.5/centos74-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
安装galera软件时需要解决它的依赖包:boost-program-options.x86_64 (直接yum源安装即可)
第二种方法:(rpm包安装)三个节点都需要安装
从网上下载rpm包: galera-25.3.23-1.rhel7.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
MariaDB-10.3.5-centos74-x86_64-client.rpm
MariaDB-10.3.5-centos74-x86_64-compat.rpm
MariaDB-10.3.5-centos74-x86_64-common.rpm
MariaDB-10.3.5-centos74-x86_64-server.rpm
rpm -ivh MariaDB-10.3.5-centos74-x86_64-compat.rpm --nodeps
rpm -ivh MariaDB-10.3.5-centos74-x86_64-common.rpm
rpm -ivh MariaDB-10.3.5-centos74-x86_64-client.rpm
yum install -y boost-program-options.x86_64 (解决安装galera的依赖包)
rpm -ivh galera-25.3.23-1.rhel7.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MariaDB-10.3.5-centos74-x86_64-server.rpm
3.mariadb初始化 (三个节点都需要执行)
安装完成后会提示需要对mariadb进行初始化(设置密码)
systemctl start mariadb
mysql_secure_installation (按提示设置mysql密码)
systemctl stop mariadb
4.配置galera
主节点配置文件server.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
[galera]
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.153.142,192.168.153.143,192.168.153.144"
wsrep_node_name= node1
wsrep_node_address=192.168.153.142
binlog_format=row
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_slave_threads=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_buffer_pool_size=120M
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
wsrep_causal_reads=ON
将此文件复制到mariadb-2、mariadb-3,注意要把 wsrep_node_name 和 wsrep_node_address 改成相应节点的 hostname 和 ip。
5.启动集群服务:
启动 MariaDB Galera Cluster 服务:
[root@node1 ~]# /bin/galera_new_cluster
剩余两节点启动方式为:
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
查看集群状态:(集群服务使用了4567和3306端口))
[root@node1 ~]# netstat -tulpn | grep -e 4567 -e 3306
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4567 0.0.0.0: LISTEN 3557/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 ::: LISTEN 3557/mysqld
6.验证集群状态:
在node1上执行:
[root@node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p ##进入数据库
查看是否启用galera插件
连接mariadb,查看是否启用galera插件
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_ready";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| wsrep_ready | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.004 sec)
目前集群机器数
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_cluster_size";
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)
查看集群状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep%";
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_apply_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_window | 1.000000 |
| wsrep_causal_reads | 14 |
| wsrep_cert_deps_distance | 1.200000 |
| wsrep_cert_index_size | 3 |
| wsrep_cert_interval | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_cluster_conf_id | 22 |
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 | ##集群成员
| wsrep_cluster_state_uuid | b8ecf355-233a-11e8-825e-bb38179b0eb4 | ##UUID 集群唯一标记
| wsrep_cluster_status | Primary | ##主服务器
| wsrep_commit_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_window | 1.000000 |
| wsrep_connected | ON | ##当前是否连接中
| wsrep_desync_count | 0 |
| wsrep_evs_delayed | |
| wsrep_evs_evict_list | |
| wsrep_evs_repl_latency | 0/0/0/0/0 |
| wsrep_evs_state | OPERATIONAL |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused_ns | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_recv | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_sent | 0 |
| wsrep_gcomm_uuid | 0eba3aff-2341-11e8-b45a-f277db2349d5 |
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.153.142:3306,192.168.153.143:3306,192.168.153.144:3306 | ##连接中的数据库
| wsrep_last_committed | 9 | ##sql 提交记录
| wsrep_local_bf_aborts | 0 | ##从执行事务过程被本地中断
| wsrep_local_cached_downto | 5 |
| wsrep_local_cert_failures | 0 | ##本地失败事务
| wsrep_local_commits | 4 | ##本地执行的sql
| wsrep_local_index | 0 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue | 0 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg | 0.057143 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_max | 2 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_replays | 0 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue | 0 | ##本地发出的队列
| wsrep_local_send_queue_avg | 0.000000 | ##队列平均时间间隔
| wsrep_local_send_queue_max | 1 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_state | 4 |
| wsrep_local_state_comment | Synced |
| wsrep_local_state_uuid | b8ecf355-233a-11e8-825e-bb38179b0eb4 | ##集群ID
| wsrep_protocol_version | 8 |
| wsrep_provider_name | Galera |
| wsrep_provider_vendor | Codership Oy <info@codership.com> |
| wsrep_provider_version | 25.3.23(r3789) |
| wsrep_ready | ON | ##插件是否应用中
| wsrep_received | 35 | ##数据复制接收次数
| wsrep_received_bytes | 5050 |
| wsrep_repl_data_bytes | 1022 |
| wsrep_repl_keys | 14 |
| wsrep_repl_keys_bytes | 232 |
| wsrep_repl_other_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_replicated | 5 | ##随着复制发出的次数
| wsrep_replicated_bytes | 1600 | ##数据复制发出的字节数
| wsrep_thread_count | 2 |
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
58 rows in set (0.003 sec)
查看连接的主机
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_incoming_addresses";
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.153.142:3306,192.168.153.143:3306,192.168.153.144:3306 |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.002 sec)
7.测试集群mariad数据是否同步
MariaDB [(none)]> create database lizk;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.010 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| china |
| hello |
| hi |
| information_schema |
| lizk |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
8 rows in set (0.001 sec)
在其他两个节点上可以查看lizk库已经同步。
8.模拟脑裂后的处理
下面模拟在网络抖动发生丢包的情况下,两个节点失联导致脑裂。在192.168.153.143和192.168.153.144两个节点上分别执行:
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 4567 -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 4567 -j DROP
以上命令用来禁止wsrep全同步复制4567端口通信
在192.168.153.142节点上查看:
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "ws%";
+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_apply_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_window | 1.000000 |
| wsrep_causal_reads | 16 |
| wsrep_cert_deps_distance | 1.125000 |
| wsrep_cert_index_size | 3 |
| wsrep_cert_interval | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_cluster_conf_id | 18446744073709551615 |
| wsrep_cluster_size | 1 |
| wsrep_cluster_state_uuid | b8ecf355-233a-11e8-825e-bb38179b0eb4 |
| wsrep_cluster_status | non-Primary |
现在已经出现脑裂的情况,并且集群无法执行任何命令。
为了解决这个问题,可以执行
set global wsrep_provider_options="pc.bootstrap=true";
通过这个命令来强制恢复出现脑裂的节点。
验证:
MariaDB [(none)]> set global wsrep_provider_options="pc.bootstrap=true";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.015 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select @@wsrep_node_name;
+-------------------+
| @@wsrep_node_name |
+-------------------+
| node1 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.478 sec)
最后我们将节点192.168.153.143和192.168.153.144恢复一下,只要清理一下iptables表即可(因为我的是测试环境,生产环境需要删除上面的规则即可):
[root@node3 mysql]# iptables -F
恢复后验证一下:
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_cluster_size";
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)
9.因故障需要对集群的两个节点进行停机检查,重启服务后是否能同步数据;
对192.168.153.143和192.168.153.144执行停止mariadb的操作:
[root@node2 mysql]# systemctl stop mariadb
在192.168.153.142节点上插入数据:
MariaDB [test]> select * from test1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 2 |
| 2 |
| 1 |
| 3 |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.007 sec)
现在把集群中另外两个节点重新启动,查看数据一致性情况,跟主节点的数据一样。
10.异常处理:当机房突然停电,所有galera主机都非正常关机,来电后开机,会导致galera集群服务无法正常启动。如何处理?
第1步:开启galera集群的群主主机的mariadb服务。
第2步:开启galera集群的成员主机的mariadb服务。
异常处理:galera集群的群主主机和成员主机的mysql服务无法启动,如何处理?
解决方法一:第1步、删除garlera群主主机的/var/lib/mysql/grastate.dat状态文件
/bin/galera_new_cluster启动服务。启动正常。登录并查看wsrep状态。
第2步:删除galera成员主机中的/var/lib/mysql/grastate.dat状态文件
systemctl restart mariadb重启服务。启动正常。登录并查看wsrep状态。
解决方法二:第1步、修改garlera群主主机的/var/lib/mysql/grastate.dat状态文件中的0为1
/bin/galera_new_cluster启动服务。启动正常。登录并查看wsrep状态。
第2步:修改galera成员主机中的/var/lib/mysql/grastate.dat状态文件中的0为1
systemctl restart mariadb重启服务。启动正常。登录并查看wsrep状态。
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