python如何学习requests爬取网页图片

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前言

  最近想做一个练练的小游戏给家里的小朋友玩儿，但是苦于选取素材，然后在一个巨佬的博客里找了灵感，就借用一下粉丝的头像试试爬取网页里的图片吧！

 
完成总目标：
  爬取粉丝头像作为素材，完成一个连连看的小游戏
故本文分为两部分内容：
1、爬取素材部分；
2、利用素材完成连连看小游戏部分(链接)

实现目标：

  通过爬虫实现对粉丝头像的爬取并顺序排列存储，作为游戏设计的素材，其中爬取的头像一部分是使用了CSDN的默认头像，存在重复情况，所以还需要去重以得到完整且不重复的图像集

一、准备

1、python环境

2、涉及到的python库需要 pip install 包名 安装

二、代码编写

1.爬取内容

（1）所需要的库

import requestsimport json

（2）得到请求地址

url = 'https://blog.csdn.net//phoenix/web/v1/fans/list?page=1&pageSize=40&blogUsername=weixin_45386875'   #关注我的部分请求地址#url = 'https://blog.csdn.net//phoenix/web/v1/follow/list?page=1&pageSize=40&blogUsername=weixin_45386875'   #我关注的部分请求地址

请求地址获取方法：
右击所要爬取部分页面，点击 审查元素，找到图中文件


注： 页面选到“TA的粉丝（13）”部分才能出现，如果点击Network什么也没有，则需要刷新页面就会出现页面内容了）
（3）带上请求头发送请求，做一些简单伪装

header = {
        'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36',
        'Cookie' : 'uuid_tt_dd=10_30826311340-1612520858912-361156; Hm_ct_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=6525*1*10_30826311340-1612520858912-361156!5744*1*weixin_45386875!1788*1*PC_VC; UN=weixin_45386875; p_uid=U010000; ssxmod_itna=Qui=DKiI3hkbG=DXDnD+r8h9eD53ecxPPit5bP1ODlOaYxA5D8D6DQeGTbcW1AoWGATqFYKmEWiH5/gbO4FpjQGcxLbbYx0aDbqGkqnU40rDzuQGuD0KGRDD4GEDCHHDIxGUBuDeKDR8qDg7gQcCM=DbSdDKqDHR+4FbG4oD8PdS0p=C7Gt3AuQ3DmtSije3r424rQ+iPqWzPDA3DK6jiD==; ssxmod_itna2=Qui=DKiI3hkbG=DXDnD+r8h9eD53ecxPPit5bP1D66Ii40vah403pFcXW0D6QALW==0tWLGtzKPUA76xoU10vpqD6AoOqs1R=Db=3olozYp0wVxUS0r/GeZCqzVezFQc8dZon7efYcr=1nhNr6nWKcTqqaDQYcwYSA+hNaqem=WWuDuDQ/+1PGEsN=atvS7WDp07vFuFDherg0AP0KFw0ea6kcTtK2rh/fy=/De0n1FNk+ONYxCXr=QrdTj6gxCuNNWXvp1IDdl2Ckjc=N/cqV6SmHZIZIuOEqml=dHMroMFDvdMVr8afnyQ+sbGPCbt3xdD07tAdRD7uDQ0gT=Bh7OYblbtYQFDDLxD2tGDD===; UserName=weixin_45386875; UserInfo=9863b829527c49a3ba1622396deaa7d9; UserToken=9863b829527c49a3ba1622396deaa7d9; UserNick=ryc875327878; AU=01F; BT=1612846374580; Hm_up_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=%7B%22uid_%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%22weixin_45386875%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22islogin%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%221%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22isonline%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%221%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22isvip%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%220%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%7D; __gads=ID=94978f740e79c9e5-22c918ed05c600ea:T=1613266189:RT=1613266189:S=ALNI_Mbwb8ad5kdYjogF7yImerVAzKaJuQ; dc_session_id=10_1613272889543.735028; announcement-new=%7B%22isLogin%22%3Atrue%2C%22announcementUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fblog.csdn.net%2Fblogdevteam%2Farticle%2Fdetails%2F112280974%3Futm_source%3Dgonggao_0107%22%2C%22announcementCount%22%3A0%2C%22announcementExpire%22%3A3600000%7D; dc_sid=3784575ebe1e9d08a29b0e3fc3621328; c_first_ref=default; c_first_page=https%3A//www.csdn.net/; c_segment=4; Hm_lvt_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=1613222907,1613266055,1613268241,1613273899; TY_SESSION_ID=82f0aa61-9b28-49b2-a854-b18414426735; c_pref=; c_ref=https%3A//www.csdn.net/; c_page_id=default; dc_tos=qoi2fq; log_Id_pv=925; Hm_lpvt_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=1613274327; log_Id_view=905; log_Id_click=658'
    }

获取请求头的方法：


（4）向网页发送请求

try:
        data = requests.get(url,headers = header).text
        data_dist = json.loads(data)
    except:
        print('爬取失败')
        exit ()

2.保存所需图片并去重

定义一些函数备用

#保存文件def save_imag(file_name,img_url):
    request.urlretrieve(url=img_url,filename='D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\'+file_name)

#删除一个文件夹下的所有所有文件def del_file(path):
    ls = os.listdir(path)
    for i in ls:
        c_path = os.path.join(path, i)
        if os.path.isdir(c_path):#如果是文件夹那么递归调用一下
            del_file(c_path)
        else:                    #如果是一个文件那么直接删除
            os.remove(c_path)
    print ('文件已经清空完成')

#图像去重def compare_images(pic1,pic2):
    image1 = Image.open(pic1)
    image2 = Image.open(pic2)

    histogram1 = image1.histogram()
    histogram2 = image2.histogram()
    differ = math.sqrt(reduce(operator.add, list(map(lambda a,b: (a-b)**2,histogram1, histogram2)))/len(histogram1))
    print('differ:',differ)
    if differ == 0:
        return 'same'
    else:
        return 'diff'

#删除指定位置的图像def del_avatar(path):
    if os.path.exists(path):  # 如果文件存在
        os.remove(path)  
    else:
        print('no such file:%s'%(path))  # 则返回文件不存在

#先清空一下文件夹
    del_file('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar')
    index = 0
    # i 是爬取列表的索引号； index 是保存的图片的索引号
    for i in range(0,len(fan_list)):
        fan_username = fan_list[i]['nickname']
        #print('fans_user%s:'%(i+1),fan_username)
        fan_avatar_url = fan_list[i]['userAvatar']
        #print('fans_avatar_url%s:'%(i+1),fan_avatar_url) 
        save_imag('fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1),fan_avatar_url)
        #print('----------------save_image--fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
        #图片去重
        for j in range(0,index):
            if index != j :
                comp_res = compare_images('./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1),'./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(j+1))
                print('--------compare_images:--------'+'./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1) + '------with---' + './fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(j+1))
                print('comp_res:',comp_res)
                if comp_res == 'same':
                    del_avatar('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
                    print('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
                    index = index - 1
                    break
        
        index = index + 1

3、调用

if __name__ == "__main__":    spider_fanavatar()

三、完整代码

# 爬取网页图片import requestsfrom urllib import requestimport jsonfrom PIL import Imageimport osimport mathimport operatorfrom functools import reduce#保存文件def save_imag(file_name,img_url):
    request.urlretrieve(url=img_url,filename='D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\'+file_name)#爬取粉丝的头像def spider_fanavatar():
    url = 'https://blog.csdn.net//phoenix/web/v1/fans/list?page=1&pageSize=40&blogUsername=weixin_45386875'   #关注我的部分请求地址
    #url = 'https://blog.csdn.net//phoenix/web/v1/follow/list?page=1&pageSize=40&blogUsername=weixin_45386875'   #我关注的部分请求地址
    header = {
        'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36',
        'Cookie' : 'uuid_tt_dd=10_30826311340-1612520858912-361156; Hm_ct_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=6525*1*10_30826311340-1612520858912-361156!5744*1*weixin_45386875!1788*1*PC_VC; UN=weixin_45386875; p_uid=U010000; ssxmod_itna=Qui=DKiI3hkbG=DXDnD+r8h9eD53ecxPPit5bP1ODlOaYxA5D8D6DQeGTbcW1AoWGATqFYKmEWiH5/gbO4FpjQGcxLbbYx0aDbqGkqnU40rDzuQGuD0KGRDD4GEDCHHDIxGUBuDeKDR8qDg7gQcCM=DbSdDKqDHR+4FbG4oD8PdS0p=C7Gt3AuQ3DmtSije3r424rQ+iPqWzPDA3DK6jiD==; ssxmod_itna2=Qui=DKiI3hkbG=DXDnD+r8h9eD53ecxPPit5bP1D66Ii40vah403pFcXW0D6QALW==0tWLGtzKPUA76xoU10vpqD6AoOqs1R=Db=3olozYp0wVxUS0r/GeZCqzVezFQc8dZon7efYcr=1nhNr6nWKcTqqaDQYcwYSA+hNaqem=WWuDuDQ/+1PGEsN=atvS7WDp07vFuFDherg0AP0KFw0ea6kcTtK2rh/fy=/De0n1FNk+ONYxCXr=QrdTj6gxCuNNWXvp1IDdl2Ckjc=N/cqV6SmHZIZIuOEqml=dHMroMFDvdMVr8afnyQ+sbGPCbt3xdD07tAdRD7uDQ0gT=Bh7OYblbtYQFDDLxD2tGDD===; UserName=weixin_45386875; UserInfo=9863b829527c49a3ba1622396deaa7d9; UserToken=9863b829527c49a3ba1622396deaa7d9; UserNick=ryc875327878; AU=01F; BT=1612846374580; Hm_up_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=%7B%22uid_%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%22weixin_45386875%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22islogin%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%221%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22isonline%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%221%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22isvip%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%220%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%7D; __gads=ID=94978f740e79c9e5-22c918ed05c600ea:T=1613266189:RT=1613266189:S=ALNI_Mbwb8ad5kdYjogF7yImerVAzKaJuQ; dc_session_id=10_1613272889543.735028; announcement-new=%7B%22isLogin%22%3Atrue%2C%22announcementUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fblog.csdn.net%2Fblogdevteam%2Farticle%2Fdetails%2F112280974%3Futm_source%3Dgonggao_0107%22%2C%22announcementCount%22%3A0%2C%22announcementExpire%22%3A3600000%7D; dc_sid=3784575ebe1e9d08a29b0e3fc3621328; c_first_ref=default; c_first_page=https%3A//www.csdn.net/; c_segment=4; Hm_lvt_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=1613222907,1613266055,1613268241,1613273899; TY_SESSION_ID=82f0aa61-9b28-49b2-a854-b18414426735; c_pref=; c_ref=https%3A//www.csdn.net/; c_page_id=default; dc_tos=qoi2fq; log_Id_pv=925; Hm_lpvt_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=1613274327; log_Id_view=905; log_Id_click=658'
    }
    try:
        data = requests.get(url,headers = header).text   #得到返回的字符串
        data_dist = json.loads(data)                     #将字符串转为字典格式
    except:
        print('爬取失败')
        exit ()
    fan_list = data_dist['data']['list']                #提取所需内容
    #先清空一下文件夹
    del_file('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar')
    index = 0
    # i 是爬取列表的索引号； index 是保存的图片的索引号
    for i in range(0,len(fan_list)):
        fan_username = fan_list[i]['nickname']
        #print('fans_user%s:'%(i+1),fan_username)
        fan_avatar_url = fan_list[i]['userAvatar']
        #print('fans_avatar_url%s:'%(i+1),fan_avatar_url) 
        save_imag('fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1),fan_avatar_url)
        #print('----------------save_image--fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
        #图片去重
        for j in range(0,index):
            if index != j :
                comp_res = compare_images('./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1),'./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(j+1))
                print('--------compare_images:--------'+'./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1) + '------with---' + './fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(j+1))
                print('comp_res:',comp_res)
                if comp_res == 'same':
                    del_avatar('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
                    print('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
                    index = index - 1
                    break
        
        index = index + 1
                #图像去重def compare_images(pic1,pic2):
    image1 = Image.open(pic1)
    image2 = Image.open(pic2)
    histogram1 = image1.histogram()
    histogram2 = image2.histogram()
    differ = math.sqrt(reduce(operator.add, list(map(lambda a,b: (a-b)**2,histogram1, histogram2)))/len(histogram1))
    print('differ:',differ)
    if differ == 0:
        return 'same'
    else:
        return 'diff'
        #删除指定位置的图像def del_avatar(path):
    if os.path.exists(path):  # 如果文件存在
        os.remove(path)  
    else:
        print('no such file:%s'%(path))  # 则返回文件不存在#删除一个文件夹下的所有所有文件def del_file(path):
    ls = os.listdir(path)
    for i in ls:
        c_path = os.path.join(path, i)
        if os.path.isdir(c_path):#如果是文件夹那么递归调用一下
            del_file(c_path)
        else:                    #如果是一个文件那么直接删除
            os.remove(c_path)
    print ('文件已经清空完成')if __name__ == "__main__":
    spider_fanavatar()

最后

第一部分内容就到这里，第二部分内容将在下一篇文章完成，感兴趣的小伙伴可以关注我，然后去看下一片文章哦！

都读到这里了，各位亲爱的读者留下你们宝贵的赞和评论吧，这将是我继续前进的坚定动力！！！

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