搞定这个的过程远比想象的困难许多。网上许多教程，一一尝试，大多随着库版本的改变以及浏览器对协议支持的改变以失败告终，即使成功的也语焉不详，以下为步骤。
1. 运行环境
Java EE IDE
apache-tomcat-7.0.29(7.0.27之后才支持websocket)
IE(版本：10.0.9200.16384)
Firefox(版本：15.0)
Google Chrome(版本：23.0.1251.2)
2. 详细步骤
(1) 在Java EE IDE中，File->New->Dynamic Web Project，使其如下配置
Target runtime中必须是Apache Tomcat v7.0,并且最好是引用7.0.29(可在New Runtime中配置)
注意，点击Next->,再点击Next->,如下图，注意勾选Generate web.xml deployment descriptor，点击Finish
(2) 在Java Resources下src下New->Class,如下图
再在src下New->Class,如下图
下面贴上上述类的代码
package com.trump.web.servlet;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.catalina.websocket.StreamInbound;
import org.apache.catalina.websocket.WebSocketServlet;
public class EchoServlet extends WebSocketServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -4104682919545889813L;
private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(EchoServlet.class.getName());
private static List<MyMessageInbound> socketList = new ArrayList<MyMessageInbound>();
@Override
protected StreamInbound createWebSocketInbound(String subProtocol,
HttpServletRequest request) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
logger.info("receive ws request");
return new MyMessageInbound();
}
public static synchronized List<MyMessageInbound> getSocketList() {
return socketList;
}
}package com.trump.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import org.apache.catalina.websocket.MessageInbound;
import org.apache.catalina.websocket.WsOutbound;
public class MyMessageInbound extends MessageInbound {
private int userIdName = 0;
private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyMessageInbound.class.getName());
public int getUserIdName() {
return userIdName;
}
protected void onOpen(WsOutbound outbound) {
super.onOpen(outbound);
userIdName = outbound.hashCode();
EchoServlet.getSocketList().add(this);
logger.info("Server onOpen");
}
protected void onClose(int status) {
EchoServlet.getSocketList().remove(this);
super.onClose(status);
logger.info("Server onClose");
}
// 有二进制消息数据到达，比如音频等文件传输
@Override
protected void onBinaryMessage(ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException {
logger.info("Binary Message Receive: " + buffer.remaining());
}
@Override
protected void onTextMessage(CharBuffer buffer) throws IOException {
String msgOriginal = buffer.toString();
int startIndex = msgOriginal.indexOf("!@#$%");
String nikeName = msgOriginal.substring(0, startIndex);
String textMsg = msgOriginal.substring(startIndex + 5);
// 将字符数组包装到缓冲区中
// 给定的字符数组将支持新缓冲区；即缓冲区修改将导致数组修改，反之亦然
String countMsg = EchoServlet.getSocketList().size() + "人同时在线";
logger.info("Server onTextMessage: " + countMsg + nikeName + ":"
+ textMsg);
String msg1 = nikeName + ": " + textMsg;
String msg2 = "我: " + textMsg;
for (MyMessageInbound messageInbound : EchoServlet.getSocketList()) {
CharBuffer msgBuffer1 = CharBuffer.wrap(msg1);
CharBuffer msgBuffer2 = CharBuffer.wrap(msg2);
WsOutbound outbound = messageInbound.getWsOutbound();
if (messageInbound.getUserIdName() != this.getUserIdName()) {
outbound.writeTextMessage(msgBuffer1);
outbound.flush();
} else {
outbound.writeTextMessage(msgBuffer2);
}
}
}
}(3) 打开WebContent下WEB-INF下web.xml,编辑为<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>myWebSocket</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <servlet> <servlet-name>echo</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.trump.web.servlet.EchoServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>echo</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.ws</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
(4) 右击项目myWebSocket->Run As->Run on Server,如下图，点击Finish,
可以看到Tomacat正常运行，如下图
(5) 在任意位置新建一个客户端，命名为client.html,内容如下
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Web Socket Demo</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
var ws = null;
function startServer() {
var url = "ws://127.0.0.1:8080/myWebSocket/echo.ws";
if ('WebSocket' in window) {
ws = new WebSocket(url);
} else if ('MozWebSocket' in window) {
ws = new MozWebSocket(url);
} else {
alert('Your browser Unsupported WebSocket!');
return;
}
ws.onopen = function() {
document.getElementById("content").innerHTML += 'websocket open! Welcome!<br />';
};
ws.onmessage = function(event) {
document.getElementById("content").innerHTML += event.data + '<br />';
};
ws.onclose = function() {
document.getElementById("content").innerHTML += 'websocket closed! Byebye!<br />';
};
}
function sendMyMessage() {
var nickName = document.getElementById('nickName');
var textMessage = document.getElementById('textMessage');
if (ws != null && textMessage.value != '') {
ws.send(nickName.value + '!@#$%' + textMessage.value);
textMessage.value = '';
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body type="text" id="nickName" size="20" />
<br />
<input type="text" id="textMessage" size="20" />
<input type="button" value="Send">
<div id="content"></div>
</html>(6) OK!打开浏览器，输入http://localhost:8080/webSocketTest/client.html
此时注意Tomcat打印出的信息，如下
3. WebSocket之所以受关注，是因为它的服务器端能主动发消息给客户端，即MyMessageInbound中onOpen函数可以让服务器做想做的事情。
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