这篇文章主要介绍了Linux下如何配置ssh免密登录,具有一定借鉴价值,感兴趣的朋友可以参考下,希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后大有收获,下面让小编带着大家一起了解一下。
SSH 是 Linux 系统的登录工具,现在广泛用于服务器登录和各种加密通信。
ssh-keygen的命令手册,通过”man ssh-keygen“命令:
通过命令”ssh-keygen -t rsa“
生成之后会在用户的根目录生成一个 “.ssh”的文件夹
进入“.ssh”会生成以下几个文件
authorized_keys:存放远程免密登录的公钥,主要通过这个文件记录多台机器的公钥 id_rsa : 生成的私钥文件 id_rsa.pub : 生成的公钥文件 know_hosts : 已知的主机公钥清单 如果希望ssh公钥生效需满足至少下面两个条件:
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\1) .ssh目录的权限必须是700 2) .ssh/authorized_keys文件权限必须是600
原理图:
常用以下几种方法:
2.1 通过ssh-copy-id的方式
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命令: ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.put
举例:
[root@test .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.91.135root@192.168.91.135's password: Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '192.168.91.135'", and check in: .ssh/authorized_keys to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting. [root@test .ssh]# ssh root@192.168.91.135 Last login: Mon Oct 10 01:25:49 2016 from 192.168.91.133 [root@localhost ~]#
常见错误:
[root@test ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.91.135-bash: ssh-copy-id: command not found //提示命令不存在
解决办法:yum -y install openssh-clients
2.2 通过scp将内容写到对方的文件中
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命令:scp -p ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
举例:
[root@test .ssh]# scp -p ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.91.135:/root/.ssh/authorized_keysroot@192.168.91.135's password: id_rsa.pub 100% 408 0.4KB/s 00:00 [root@test .ssh]# [root@test .ssh]# ssh root@192.168.91.135 Last login: Mon Oct 10 01:27:02 2016 from 192.168.91.133 [root@localhost ~]#
2.3 通过Ansible实现批量免密
2.3.1 将需要做免密操作的机器hosts添加到/etc/ansible/hosts下:
[Avoid close] 192.168.91.132 192.168.91.133 192.168.91.134
2.3.2 执行命令进行免密操作
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ansible -m authorized_key -a “user=root key='{{ lookup(‘file’,’/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub’) }}'” -k
示例:
[root@test sshpass-1.05]# ansible test -m authorized_key -a "user=root key='{{ lookup('file','/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}'" -k SSH password: ----->输入密码 192.168.91.135 | success >>{ "changed": true, "key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEArZI4kxlYuw7j1nt5ueIpTPWfGBJoZ8Mb02OJHR8yGW7A3izwT3/uhkK7RkaGavBbAlprp5bxp3i0TyNxa/apBQG5NiqhYO8YCuiGYGsQAGwZCBlNLF3gq1/18B6FV5moE/8yTbFA4dBQahdtVP PejLlSAbb5ZoGK8AtLlcRq49IENoXB99tnFVn3gMM0aX24ido1ZF9RfRWzfYF7bVsLsrIiMPmVNe5KaGL9kZ0svzoZ708yjWQQCEYWp0m+sODbtGPC34HMGAHjFlsC/SJffLuT/ug/hhCJUYeExHIkJF8OyvfC6DeF7ArI6zdKER7D8M0SM WQmpKUltj2nltuv3w== root@localhost.localdomain", "key_options": null, "keyfile": "/root/.ssh/authorized_keys", "manage_dir": true, "path": null, "state": "present", "unique": false, "user": "root" } [root@test sshpass-1.05]#
2.4 手工复制粘贴的方式
将本地id_rsa.pub文件的内容拷贝至远程服务器的~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中
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