本篇内容主要讲解“C++如何实现学生信息管理系统”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“C++如何实现学生信息管理系统”吧!
实现功能
上面的功能基本完全实现
目前的程序其实还存在两个问题：
1、无法从文件中读取信息，我感觉是格式问题，输出的格式需要改，但是这样的话，保存在文件的信息看起来就不是很方便了
2、保存新同学的学号与当前记录的学号相同时不会提醒，这个实现起来比较容易，在保存的时候，再加一个链表查询就可以了，是我太懒了。
源码附上
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include<windows.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
#define null NULL
class student
{
private:
int flag;
friend class studentMessage;
student *next; //节点指针
string name; //学生姓名
string address; //家庭住址
int age; //年龄
int id; //学号
string sex;
char grade; 班级
// A 代表大学生
// B 代表中学生
// C 代表小学生
double chinese , math , english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语
double history , geography ; //历史 ， 地理
string major; long long int TL; // 专业 ， 电话
public:
static int num_total; //总数
static int num_sex;
static int num_age;
//小学生初始化
student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,double _chinese,double _math,double _english)
{
name = _name;
grade = _grade;
age = _age;
sex = _sex;
id = _id;
chinese = _chinese;
math = _math;
english = _english;
next = NULL;
}
//初中生初始化
student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,double _geography,double _history,string _address)
{
name = _name;
grade = _grade;
age = _age;
sex = _sex;
id = _id;
geography = _geography;
history = _history;
address = _address;
next = NULL;
}
//大学生初始化
student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,string _major,string _address,long long int _TL)
{
name = _name;
grade = _grade;
age = _age;
sex = _sex;
id = _id;
major = _major;
address = _address;
TL = _TL;
next = NULL;
}
//构造函数
student() //为studentMessage初始化头结点用
{
name = "null";
sex = "null";
address = "null";
age = 0;
id = 0;
chinese = 0;
math = 0;
english = 0;
grade = '0';
geography = 0;
history = 0;
major = "null";
TL = 0;
next = NULL;
}
~student(){}
void swap(student*);
};
int student::num_total = 0; 初始化
int student::num_sex = 0;
int student::num_age = 0;
void student::swap(student *q)
{
string _name,_sex,_address;
int _age,_id;
char grade; 班级
// A 代表大学生
// B 代表中学生
// C 代表小学生
double _chinese , _math , _english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语
double _history , _geography ; //历史 ， 地理
string _major; long long int _TL; // 专业 ， 电话
_chinese = chinese;
chinese = q->chinese;
q->chinese = _chinese;
_math = math;
math = q->math;
q->math = _math;
_english = english;
english = q->english;
q->english = _english;
_history = history;
history = q->history;
q->history = _history;
_geography = geography;
geography = q->geography;
q->geography = _geography;
_major = major;
major = q->major;
q->major = _major;
_TL = TL;
TL = q->TL;
q->TL = _TL;
_name = name;
name = q->name;
q->name = _name;
_sex = sex;
sex = q->sex;
q->sex = _sex;
_address = address;
address = q->address;
q->address = _address;
_age = age;
age = q->age;
q->age = _age;
_id = id;
id = q->id;
q->id = _id;
}
class studentMessage
{
private:
student *first; //头指针
int num; //信息中的学生人数
public:
studentMessage()
{
num = 0; //初始化学生人数为0
first = new student; //初始化头结点
}
~studentMessage(){delete first;}
/*管理系统常规操作*/
void Insret(void); //插入
void Display(void); //显示
void Delete(void); //删除
void Search(void); //搜索
void Change(void); //改动
void SearchByid(void); //按照学号查找
void SearchByname(void); //按照姓名查找
int menu(void); //初始的菜单
void clear(void); //清空列表
void tongji(void); //统计学生人数
void save(void);
void read(void);
};
int studentMessage::menu(void)
{
system("cls");
int ch;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"**********************************************************************"<<endl;
cout<<"======================================================================"<<endl;
cout<<"***************************学生信息管理系统***************************"<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<endl;
cout<<" 1.添加功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 2.查询功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 3.显示功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 4.编辑功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 5.删除功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 6.统计功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 7.保存功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 8.全部删除"<<endl;
cout<<" 0.退出系统"<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<endl;
cout<<"***********************************************************************"<<endl;
cout<<"======================================================================="<<endl;
cout<<"***********************************************************************"<<endl;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cin >> ch;
cout<<"\n\n\n"<<endl;
return ch;
}
void studentMessage::save(void)
{
system("cls");
fstream f("student.txt",ios::out);
int i;
if(!f)
{
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"文件保存失败!！！！按任意键返回..."<<endl;
if(i = getch()) return ;
}
if(student::num_total == 0)
{
f<<"当前记录中无学生..."<<endl;
}
else
{
student *p = first->next;
while(p != null)
{
f<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
f<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
f<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
f<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;
f<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;
if(p->grade == 'A')
{
f<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;
f<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
f<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
}
else if(p->grade == 'B')
{
f<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;
f<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;
f<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
}
else
{
f<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;
f<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;
f<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;
}
f<<"------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
p = p->next;
}
}
f.close();
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"学生信息文件已创建，按任意键继续"<<endl;
i = getch();
}
void studentMessage::read(void)
{
system("cls");
string name;
int age;
int id;
char grade;
string sex,address;
double chinese , math , english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语
double history , geography ; //历史 ， 地理
string major; long long int TL; // 专业 ， 电话
int i;
char ch;
ifstream f("student.txt");
while(1)
{
f>>ch;
if(f.eof())
{
cout<<"文件为空！按任意键返回"<<endl;
if(i = getch()) return ;
}
f>>name;
f>>sex;
f>>age;
f>>id;
f>>grade;
if(grade=='A')
{
f>>major;
f>>address;
f>>TL;
}
else if(grade == 'B')
{
f>>geography;
f>>history;
f>>address;
}
else
{
f>>chinese;
f>>math;
f>>english;
}
student::num_total ++;
if(sex=="boy") student::num_sex++;
if(age>=18) student::num_age ++;
student *newstu = new student();
if(grade == 'A') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,major,address,TL);
else if(grade == 'B') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,geography,history,address);
else if(grade == 'C') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,chinese,math,english);
student *p = first;
while(p->next != NULL)
{
p = p->next;
}
p->next = newstu;
newstu->next = null;
}
}
/统计
void studentMessage::tongji(void)
{
system("cls");//
cout<<"学生人数一共为：" <<student::num_total<<endl;
cout<<"男生一共有："<<student::num_sex<<endl;
cout<<"女生一共有："<<student::num_total-student::num_sex<<endl;
cout<<"成年人有："<<student::num_age<<endl;
int i;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;
i = getch();
}
//插入
void studentMessage::Insret(void)
{
system("cls");//
string name;
int age;
int id;
char grade;
string sex,address;
double chinese , math , english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语
double history , geography ; //历史 ， 地理
string major; long long int TL; // 专业 ， 电话
cout<<"请输入学生姓名: ";
cin>>name;
cout<<"请输入学生性别(boy/girl): ";
cin>>sex;
cout<<"请输入学生年龄: ";
cin>>age;
cout<<"请输入学生学号: ";
cin>>id;
cout<<"下面请输入学生班级(大学生输入'A'，初中生输入'B',小学生输入'C'): ";
cout<<endl;
cin>>grade;
cout<<endl;
if(grade=='A')
{
cout<<"请输入专业："<<endl;
cin>>major;
cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl;
cin>>address;
cout<<"请输入联系电话："<<endl;
cin>>TL;
}
else if(grade == 'B')
{
cout<<"请输入地理成绩："<<endl;
cin>>geography;
cout<<"请输入历史成绩："<<endl;
cin>>history;
cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl;
cin>>address;
}
else
{
cout<<"请输入语文成绩："<<endl;
cin>>chinese;
cout<<"请输入数学成成绩："<<endl;
cin>>math;
cout<<"请输入英语成绩："<<endl;
cin>>english;
}
student::num_total ++;
if(sex=="boy") student::num_sex++;
if(age>=18) student::num_age ++;
student *newstu = new student();
if(grade == 'A') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,major,address,TL);
else if(grade == 'B') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,geography,history,address);
else if(grade == 'C') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,chinese,math,english);
student *p = first;
while(p->next != NULL)
{
p = p->next;
}
p->next = newstu;
newstu->next = null;
}
//00000000000000000000000/
void studentMessage::Display(void)
{
system("cls");
if(student::num_total == 0)
{
cout<<"当前记录中无学生..."<<endl;
}
else
{
student *p = first->next;
while(p != null)
{
cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;
cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;
if(p->grade == 'A')
{
cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
}
else if(p->grade == 'B')
{
cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;
cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;
cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;
cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;
}
cout<<"------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
p = p->next;
}
}
int i;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;
i = getch();
}
//删除功能~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
void studentMessage::Delete(void)
{
string _name;
system("cls");
cout<<"请输入需要删除的同学姓名："<<endl;
cin>>_name;
int k=0;
student *p = first;
student *pre = first;
while(p->next)
{
pre=p->next;
if(pre->name == _name)
{
p->next=pre->next;
k=1;
delete pre;
}
p=p->next;
}
if(k==0&&p->name!=_name) cout<<"记录为空!"<<endl;
else
{
student::num_total--;
if(p->sex=="boy") student::num_sex--;
if(p->age>=18) student::num_age--;
}
int i;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;
i = getch();
}
void studentMessage::Search(void)
{
system("cls");/
int temp = 0;
cout<<"请输入查找的条件，有如下选项..."<<endl;
cout<<"按照学号查找（请输入【1】） 按照姓名查找（请输入【2】） "<<endl;
cout<<" 退出（请输入【666】）"<<endl;
cin>>temp;
switch(temp)
{
case 1: SearchByid(); break;
case 2: SearchByname(); break;
case 666: return;
default: cout<<"输入有误..."<<endl;
}
}
void studentMessage::SearchByid(void)
{
system("cls");//
int _id;
int flag = 0;
cout<<"请输入待查找学生的学号：";
cin >> _id;
student *p = first->next;
while(p != null)
{
if(p->id == _id)
{
flag = 1;
cout<<"下面是查找匹配结果："<<endl;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;
cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;
if(p->grade == 'A')
{
cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
}
else if(p->grade == 'B')
{
cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;
cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;
cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;
cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;
}
}
p = p->next;
}
if(flag == 0)
{
cout<<"未找到匹配项..."<<endl;
}
int i;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;
i = getch();
}
void studentMessage::SearchByname(void)
{
system("cls");/
string _name;
int flag = 0;
cout<<"请输入待查找的学生姓名: ";
cin >> _name;
student *p = first->next;
while(p != null)
{
if(p->name == _name)
{
cout<<"下面是查找匹配结果："<<endl;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;
cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;
if(p->grade == 'A')
{
cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
}
else if(p->grade == 'B')
{
cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;
cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;
cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;
cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;
}
}
p = p->next;
}
if(flag == 0)
{
cout<<"未找到匹配项..."<<endl;
}
int i;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;
i = getch();
}
void studentMessage::Change(void)
{
system("cls");//
string _name,_sex,_address,_major;
char _grade; long long int _TL;
double _chinese , _math , _english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语
double _history , _geography ; //历史 ， 地理
int flag = 0,temp;
int _id,_age;
int course = 0;
cout<<"请输入需要改动信息的学生的姓名: ";
cin >> _name;
student *p = first->next;
while(p != null)
{
if(p->name == _name)
{
flag = 1;
cout<<"该学生当前信息如下："<<endl;
cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;
cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;
if(p->grade == 'A')
{
cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
}
else if(p->grade == 'B')
{
cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;
cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;
cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;
cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;
}
cout<<"请指明哪一项需要修改..."<<endl;
cout<<"修改学号（输入【1】） 修改年龄（输入【2】）修改班级信息（输入【3】） "<<endl;
cout<<" 退出（输入【666】）"<<endl;
cin >> temp;
switch(temp)
{
case 1:
{
cout<<"请输入新的学号："<<endl;cin>>_id;
p->id = _id;
}
break;
case 2:
{
cout<<"请输入新的年龄："<<endl;;cin>>_age;
p->age = _age;
}
break;
case 3:
{
cout<<"请输入新的班级信息(大学生输入'A'，初中生输入'B',小学生输入'C')："<<endl;;cin>>_grade;
p->grade = _grade;
if(_grade=='A')
{
cout<<"请输入专业："<<endl;
cin>>_major;
p->major = _major;
cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl;
cin>>_address;
p->address = _address;
cout<<"请输入联系电话："<<endl;
cin>>_TL;
p->TL = _TL;
}
else if(_grade == 'B')
{
cout<<"请输入地理成绩："<<endl;
cin>>_geography;
p->geography = _geography;
cout<<"请输入历史成绩："<<endl;
cin>>_history;
p->history = _history;
cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl;
cin>>_address;
p->address = _address;
}
else
{
cout<<"请输入语文成绩："<<endl;
cin>>_chinese;
p->chinese = _chinese;
cout<<"请输入数学成成绩："<<endl;
cin>>_math;
p->major = _math;
cout<<"请输入英语成绩："<<endl;
cin>>_english;
p->english = _english;
}
}
break;
case 666: return ;
cout<<"修改后的信息如下： "<<endl;
cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"性别:"<<p->sex<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"地址:"<<p->address<<" "<<endl;
default: cout<<"输入有误..."<<endl;
}
}
p = p->next;
}
if(flag == 0)
cout<<"当前记录中没有此学生..."<<endl;
}
void studentMessage::clear(void)
{
student *p = first->next;
while(p != null)
{
first->next = p->next;
p->next = null;
delete p;
p = first->next;
}
}
int main()
{
studentMessage stulist;
int ch;
while(ch = stulist.menu())
{
switch(ch)
{
case 1: stulist.Insret(); break;
case 2: stulist.Search(); break;
case 3: stulist.Display(); break;
case 4: stulist.Change(); break;
case 5: stulist.Delete(); break;
case 6: stulist.tongji(); break;
case 7: stulist.save(); break;
case 8: stulist.clear(); break;
case 0: return 0;
default: cout<<"请按要求输入..."<<endl;
}
}
return 0;
}到此，相信大家对“C++如何实现学生信息管理系统”有了更深的了解，不妨来实际操作一番吧！这里是亿速云网站，更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询，关注我们，继续学习！
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