本篇内容介绍了“Java中ResultSetMetaData元数据如何使用”的有关知识,在实际案例的操作过程中,不少人都会遇到这样的困境,接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧!希望大家仔细阅读,能够学有所成!
ResultSetMetaData 叫元数据,是数据库 列对象,以列为单位封装为对象。
元数据,指的是其包含列名,列值,列类型,列长度等等有用信息。
ResultSetMetaData 常用方法:
1). metaData.getColumnName(i) 获取该列的原始名字
2). metaData.getColumnLabel(i) 获取该列的别名
3). metaData.getColumnClassName(i) 获取该列的(在java中的)数据类型
4). metaData.getColumnType(i) 获取该列的(在数据库中的)数据类型对应的序号
5). metaData.getColumnTypeName(i) 获取该列的(在数据库中的)数据类型
6). metaData.getScale(i) 获取该列中小数点右边的位数
7). metaData.getColumnDisplaySize(i) 获取该列的长度
8). metaData.isAutoIncrement(i) 判断该列的值是否自动递增
9). metaData.isNullable(i) 判断该列的值是否为null
10). metaData.getTableName(i) 获取表名
先准备好一张表,如下图:
代码:
public class Test { private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8"; private static final String USERNAME = "root"; private static final String PASSWORD = "root"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"); Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD); // sql 语句 是使用了 别名的 PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("select id as ID, username as USERNAME, birthday as BIRTHDAY, sex as SEX, address as ADDRESS, money as MONEY from user "); ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery(); // 获取元数据对象 ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData(); // 获取一共有多少列 int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount(); // 将数据封装为Map List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<>(); while (resultSet.next()) { Map<String, Object> columnMap = new HashMap<>(); // 注:列名的索引 起始是 1 不是 0 for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) { System.out.println("getColumnName(i): " + metaData.getColumnName(i)); System.out.println("getColumnLabel(i): " + metaData.getColumnLabel(i)); System.out.println("getColumnClassName(i): " + metaData.getColumnClassName(i)); System.out.println("getColumnType(i): " + metaData.getColumnType(i)); System.out.println("getColumnTypeName(i): " + metaData.getColumnTypeName(i)); System.out.println("getScale(i): " + metaData.getScale(i)); System.out.println("isNullable(i): " + metaData.isNullable(i)); System.out.println("isAutoIncrement(i): " + metaData.isAutoIncrement(i)); System.out.println("getTableName(i): " + metaData.getTableName(i)); System.out.println(); String key = metaData.getColumnName(i); Object value = resultSet.getObject(key); columnMap.put(key, value); } list.add(columnMap); } System.out.println(); System.out.println(list); resultSet.close(); preparedStatement.close(); connection.close(); } }
getColumnName(i): id getColumnLabel(i): ID getColumnClassName(i): java.lang.Integer getColumnType(i): 4 getColumnTypeName(i): INT getScale(i): 0 isNullable(i): 0 isAutoIncrement(i): true // id 自增 因此为true getTableName(i): user getColumnName(i): username getColumnLabel(i): USERNAME getColumnClassName(i): java.lang.String getColumnType(i): 12 getColumnTypeName(i): VARCHAR getScale(i): 0 isNullable(i): 0 isAutoIncrement(i): false getTableName(i): user getColumnName(i): birthday getColumnLabel(i): BIRTHDAY getColumnClassName(i): java.time.LocalDateTime getColumnType(i): 93 getColumnTypeName(i): DATETIME getScale(i): 0 isNullable(i): 1 isAutoIncrement(i): false getTableName(i): user getColumnName(i): sex getColumnLabel(i): SEX getColumnClassName(i): java.lang.String getColumnType(i): 1 getColumnTypeName(i): CHAR getScale(i): 0 isNullable(i): 1 isAutoIncrement(i): false getTableName(i): user getColumnName(i): address getColumnLabel(i): ADDRESS getColumnClassName(i): java.lang.String getColumnType(i): 12 getColumnTypeName(i): VARCHAR getScale(i): 0 isNullable(i): 1 isAutoIncrement(i): false getTableName(i): user getColumnName(i): money getColumnLabel(i): MONEY getColumnClassName(i): java.math.BigDecimal getColumnType(i): 3 getColumnTypeName(i): DECIMAL getScale(i): 3 // 在数据库中该列值是 decimal 且是3位小数 因此得出 3 isNullable(i): 1 isAutoIncrement(i): false getTableName(i): user
list:结果:
[
{birthday=2021-02-27T17:47:08, address=北京, money=10.580, sex=男, id=41, username=老王},
{birthday=2021-03-02T15:09:37, address=北京, money=10.580, sex=女, id=42, username=小二王},
{birthday=2021-03-04T11:34:34, address=北京, money=10.580, sex=女, id=43, username=小二王},
{birthday=2021-03-04T12:04:06, address=北京, money=10.580, sex=男, id=45, username=大王},
{birthday=2021-03-07T17:37:26, address=北京, money=10.580, sex=男, id=46, username=老王},
{birthday=2021-03-08T11:44, address=北京, money=10.580, sex=女, id=48, username=小马},
{birthday=null, address=null, money=null, sex=男, id=50, username=kkooop}
]
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