在ASP.NET Core中,进行安全认证通常涉及以下几个步骤:
Startup.cs
文件中的ConfigureServices
和Configure
方法中进行。AuthenticationManager
类来实现用户认证逻辑。这包括验证用户提供的凭据(如用户名和密码)以及生成和验证令牌等操作。[Authorize]
属性来标记需要登录才能访问的路由,这样只有经过认证的用户才能访问这些路由。Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer
等包来简化令牌管理。以下是一个简单的示例,展示了如何在ASP.NET Core中实现基于JWT的认证:
dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer
dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer
public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser
{
public List<ApplicationRole> Roles { get; set; }
}
public class ApplicationRole : IdentityRole
{
public List<ApplicationUser> Users { get; set; }
}
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));
services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>()
.AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
.AddDefaultTokenProviders();
services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddJwtBearer(options =>
{
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = true;
options.SaveToken = true;
options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
{
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration["JwtSecret"])),
ValidateIssuer = false,
ValidateAudience = false
};
});
services.AddControllersWithViews();
}
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
else
{
app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
app.UseHsts();
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
name: "default",
pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
});
}
[HttpPost("login")]
public async Task<IActionResult> Login([FromBody] LoginViewModel model)
{
var result = await _signInManager.PasswordSignInAsync(model.Username, model.Password, model.RememberMe, lockoutOnFailure: true);
if (result.Succeeded)
{
var user = await _userManager.GetUserAsync(model.Username);
var claims = new[]
{
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.UserName),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Email, user.Email)
};
var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
await _httpContext.SignInAsync(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, principal);
return Ok();
}
return Unauthorized();
}
[Authorize]
public class HomeController : Controller
{
public IActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
}
public class JwtTokenProvider
{
private readonly IJwtTokenGenerator _jwtTokenGenerator;
private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;
public JwtTokenProvider(IJwtTokenGenerator jwtTokenGenerator, IConfiguration configuration)
{
_jwtTokenGenerator = jwtTokenGenerator;
_configuration = configuration;
}
public async Task<string> GenerateTokenAsync(ApplicationUser user)
{
var claims = new[]
{
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.UserName),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Email, user.Email)
};
var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
var token = await _jwtTokenGenerator.GenerateAsync(identity);
return token;
}
}
使用Postman等工具模拟用户登录和令牌请求,并验证系统是否正确地处理了这些请求。
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