这篇文章主要介绍“jQuery中数据缓存$.data怎么使用”的相关知识，小编通过实际案例向大家展示操作过程，操作方法简单快捷，实用性强，希望这篇“jQuery中数据缓存$.data怎么使用”文章能帮助大家解决问题。
一、实现原理：
对于DOM元素，通过分配一个唯一的关联id把DOM元素和该DOM元素的数据缓存对象关联起来，关联id被附加到以jQuery.expando的值命名的属性上，数据存储在全局缓存对象jQuery.cache中。在读取、设置、移除数据时，将通过关联id从全局缓存对象jQuery.cache中找到关联的数据缓存对象，然后在数据缓存对象上执行读取、设置、移除操作。
对于Javascript对象，数据则直接存储在该Javascript对象的属性jQuery.expando上。在读取、设置、移除数据时，实际上是对Javascript对象的数据缓存对象执行读取、设置、移除操作。
为了避免jQuery内部使用的数据和用户自定义的数据发生冲突，数据缓存模块把内部数据存储在数据缓存对象上，把自定义数据存储在数据缓存对象的属性data上。
二、总体结构：
// 数据缓存 Data
jQuery.extend({
// 全局缓存对象
cache: {},
// 唯一 id种子
uuid:0,
// 页面中每个jQuery副本的唯一标识
expando: "jQuery" + ( jQuery.fn.jquery + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ),
// 是否有关联的数据
hasData: function(){},
// 设置、读取自定数据或内部数据
data: function(elem, name, data, pvt) {},
// 移除自定义数据或内部数据
removeData: function(elem, name, pvt) {},
// 设置、读取内部数据
_data: function(elem, name, data) {},
// 是否可以设置数据
acceptData: function(elem){}
});
jQuery.fn.extend({
// 设置、读取自定义数据，解析HTML5属性data-
data: function(key,value){},
// 移除自定义数据
removeData: function(key){}
});
// 解析HTML5属性 data-
function dataAttr(elem,key,data){}
// 检查数据缓存对象是否为空
function isEmptyDataObject(obj){}
jQuery.extend({
// 清空数据缓存对象
cleanData: function(elems){}
});三、$.data(elem, name, data), $.data(elem, name)
$.data(elem, name, data)的使用方法：
如果传入参数name, data, 则设置任意类型的数据
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>jQuery.data demo</title>
<style>
div {
color: blue;
}
span {
color: red;
}
</style>
<script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div>
The values stored were
<span></span>
and
<span></span>
</div>
<script>
var div = $( "div" )[ 0 ];
jQuery.data( div, "test", {
first: 16,
last: "pizza!"
});
$( "span:first" ).text( jQuery.data( div, "test" ).first );
$( "span:last" ).text( jQuery.data( div, "test" ).last );
</script>
</body>
</html>$.data(elem, name)的使用方法：
如果传入key, 未传入参数data, 则读取并返回指定名称的数据
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>jQuery.data demo</title>
<style>
div {
margin: 5px;
background: yellow;
}
button {
margin: 5px;
font-size: 14px;
}
p {
margin: 5px;
color: blue;
}
span {
color: red;
}
</style>
<script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div>A div</div>
<button>Get "blah" from the div</button>
<button>Set "blah" to "hello"</button>
<button>Set "blah" to 86</button>
<button>Remove "blah" from the div</button>
<p>The "blah" value of this div is <span>?</span></p>
<script>
$( "button" ).click( function() {
var value,
div = $( "div" )[ 0 ];
switch ( $( "button" ).index( this ) ) {
case 0 :
value = jQuery.data( div, "blah" );
break;
case 1 :
jQuery.data( div, "blah", "hello" );
value = "Stored!";
break;
case 2 :
jQuery.data( div, "blah", 86 );
value = "Stored!";
break;
case 3 :
jQuery.removeData( div, "blah" );
value = "Removed!";
break;
}
$( "span" ).text( "" + value );
});
</script>
</body>
</html>$.data(elem, name, data), $.data(elem, name) 源码解析：
jQuery.extend({
// 1. 定义jQuery.data(elem, name, data, pvt)
data: function( elem, name, data, pvt /* Internal Use Only */ ) {
// 2. 检查是否可以设置数据
if ( !jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) {
return; // 如果参数elem不支持设置数据，则立即返回
}
// 3 定义局部变量
var privateCache, thisCache, ret,
internalKey = jQuery.expando,
getByName = typeof name === "string",
// We have to handle DOM nodes and JS objects differently because IE6-7
// can't GC object references properly across the DOM-JS boundary
isNode = elem.nodeType, // elem是否是DOM元素
// Only DOM nodes need the global jQuery cache; JS object data is
// attached directly to the object so GC can occur automatically
cache = isNode ? jQuery.cache : elem, // 如果是DOM元素，为了避免javascript和DOM元素之间循环引用导致的浏览器(IE6/7)垃圾回收机制不起作用，要把数据存储在全局缓存对象jQuery.cache中；对于javascript对象，来及回收机制能够自动发生，不会有内存泄露的问题，因此数据可以查收存储在javascript对象上
// Only defining an ID for JS objects if its cache already exists allows
// the code to shortcut on the same path as a DOM node with no cache
id = isNode ? elem[ internalKey ] : elem[ internalKey ] && internalKey,
isEvents = name === "events";
// Avoid doing any more work than we need to when trying to get data on an
// object that has no data at all
// 4. 如果是读取数据，但没有数据，则返回
if ( (!id || !cache[id] || (!isEvents && !pvt && !cache[id].data)) && getByName && data === undefined ) {
return;
// getByName && data === undefined 如果name是字符串，data是undefined, 说明是在读取数据
// !id || !cache[id] || (!isEvents && !pvt && !cache[id].data 如果关联id不存在，说明没有数据；如果cache[id]不存在，也说明没有数据；如果是读取自动以数据，但cache[id].data不存在，说明没有自定义数据
}
// 5. 如果关联id不存在，则分配一个
if ( !id ) {
// Only DOM nodes need a new unique ID for each element since their data
// ends up in the global cache
if ( isNode ) {
elem[ internalKey ] = id = ++jQuery.uuid; // 对于DOM元素，jQuery.uuid会自动加1，并附加到DOM元素上
} else {
id = internalKey; // 对于javascript对象，关联id就是jQuery.expando
}
}
// 6. 如果数据缓存对象不存在，则初始化为空对象{}
if ( !cache[ id ] ) {
cache[ id ] = {};
// Avoids exposing jQuery metadata on plain JS objects when the object
// is serialized using JSON.stringify
if ( !isNode ) {
cache[ id ].toJSON = jQuery.noop; // 对于javascript对象，设置方法toJSON为空函数，以避免在执行JSON.stringify()时暴露缓存数据。如果一个对象定义了方法toJSON(),JSON.stringify()在序列化该对象时会调用这个方法来生成该对象的JSON元素
}
}
// An object can be passed to jQuery.data instead of a key/value pair; this gets
// shallow copied over onto the existing cache
// 7. 如果参数name是对象或函数，则批量设置数据
if ( typeof name === "object" || typeof name === "function" ) {
if ( pvt ) {
cache[ id ] = jQuery.extend( cache[ id ], name ); // 对于内部数据，把参数name中的属性合并到cache[id]中
} else {
cache[ id ].data = jQuery.extend( cache[ id ].data, name ); // 对于自定义数据，把参数name中的属性合并到cache[id].data中
}
}
// 8. 如果参数data不是undefined, 则设置单个数据
privateCache = thisCache = cache[ id ];
// jQuery data() is stored in a separate object inside the object's internal data
// cache in order to avoid key collisions between internal data and user-defined
// data.
if ( !pvt ) {
if ( !thisCache.data ) {
thisCache.data = {};
}
thisCache = thisCache.data;
}
if ( data !== undefined ) {
thisCache[ jQuery.camelCase( name ) ] = data;
}
// Users should not attempt to inspect the internal events object using jQuery.data,
// it is undocumented and subject to change. But does anyone listen? No.
// 9. 特殊处理events
if ( isEvents && !thisCache[ name ] ) { // 如果参数name是字符串"events",并且未设置过自定义数据"events",则返回事件婚车对象，在其中存储了事件监听函数。
return privateCache.events;
}
// Check for both converted-to-camel and non-converted data property names
// If a data property was specified
//10. 如果参数name是字符串，则读取单个数据
if ( getByName ) {
// First Try to find as-is property data
ret = thisCache[ name ]; // 先尝试读取参数name对应的数据
// Test for null|undefined property data
if ( ret == null ) { // 如果未取到，则把参数name转换为驼峰式再次尝试读取对应的数据
// Try to find the camelCased property
ret = thisCache[ jQuery.camelCase( name ) ];
}
} else { // 11. 如果未传入参数name,data,则返回数据缓存对象
ret = thisCache;
}
return ret;
},
// For internal use only.
_data: function( elem, name, data ) {
return jQuery.data( elem, name, data, true );
},
});四、.data(key, value), .data(key)
使用方法：
$( "body" ).data( "foo", 52 ); // 传入key, value
$( "body" ).data( "bar", { myType: "test", count: 40 } ); // 传入key, value
$( "body" ).data( { baz: [ 1, 2, 3 ] } ); // 传入key, value
$( "body" ).data( "foo" ); // 52 // 传入key
$( "body" ).data(); // 未传入参数HTML5 data attriubutes:
<div data-role="page" data-last-value="43" data-hidden="true" data-options='{"name":"John"}'></div>
$( "div" ).data( "role" ) === "page";
$( "div" ).data( "lastValue" ) === 43;
$( "div" ).data( "hidden" ) === true;
$( "div" ).data( "options" ).name === "John";.data(key, value), .data(key) 源码解析
jQuery.fn.extend({ // 1. 定义.data(key, value)
data: function( key, value ) {
var parts, attr, name,
data = null;
// 2. 未传入参数的情况
if ( typeof key === "undefined" ) {
if ( this.length ) { // 如果参数key是undefined, 即参数格式是.data(), 则调用方法jQuery.data(elem, name, data, pvt)获取第一个匹配元素关联的自定义数据缓存对象，并返回。
data = jQuery.data( this[0] );
if ( this[0].nodeType === 1 && !jQuery._data( this[0], "parsedAttrs" ) ) {
attr = this[0].attributes;
for ( var i = 0, l = attr.length; i < l; i++ ) {
name = attr[i].name;
if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) {
name = jQuery.camelCase( name.substring(5) );
dataAttr( this[0], name, data[ name ] );
}
}
jQuery._data( this[0], "parsedAttrs", true );
}
}
return data;
// 3. 参数key 是对象的情况,即参数格式是.data(key),则遍历匹配元素集合，为每个匹配元素调用方法jQuery.data(elem, name, data,pvt)批量设置数据
} else if ( typeof key === "object" ) {
return this.each(function() {
jQuery.data( this, key );
});
}
// 4. 只传入参数key的情况 如果只传入参数key, 即参数格式是.data(key),则返回第一个匹配元素的指定名称数据
parts = key.split(".");
parts[1] = parts[1] ? "." + parts[1] : "";
if ( value === undefined ) {
data = this.triggerHandler("getData" + parts[1] + "!", [parts[0]]);
// Try to fetch any internally stored data first
if ( data === undefined && this.length ) {
data = jQuery.data( this[0], key );
data = dataAttr( this[0], key, data );
}
return data === undefined && parts[1] ?
this.data( parts[0] ) :
data;
// 5. 传入参数key和value的情况 即参数格式是.data(key, value),则为每个匹配元素设置任意类型的数据，并触发自定义事件setData, changeData
} else {
return this.each(function() {
var self = jQuery( this ),
args = [ parts[0], value ];
self.triggerHandler( "setData" + parts[1] + "!", args );
jQuery.data( this, key, value );
self.triggerHandler( "changeData" + parts[1] + "!", args );
});
}
},
removeData: function( key ) {
return this.each(function() {
jQuery.removeData( this, key );
});
}
});
// 6. 函数dataAttr(elem, key, data)解析HTML5属性data-
function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) {
// If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any
// data from the HTML5 data-* attribute
// 只有参数data为undefined时，才会解析HTML5属性data-
if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
var name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$1" ).toLowerCase();
data = elem.getAttribute( name );
if ( typeof data === "string" ) {
try {
data = data === "true" ? true :
data === "false" ? false :
data === "null" ? null :
jQuery.isNumeric( data ) ? parseFloat( data ) :
rbrace.test( data ) ? jQuery.parseJSON( data ) :
data;
} catch( e ) {}
// Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later
jQuery.data( elem, key, data );
} else {
data = undefined;
}
}
return data;
}五、$.removeData(elem, name)，.removeData(key)
使用方法：
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>jQuery.removeData demo</title>
<style>
div {
margin: 2px;
color: blue;
}
span {
color: red;
}
</style>
<script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div>value1 before creation: <span></span></div>
<div>value1 after creation: <span></span></div>
<div>value1 after removal: <span></span></div>
<div>value2 after removal: <span></span></div>
<script>
var div = $( "div" )[ 0 ];
$( "span:eq(0)" ).text( "" + $( "div" ).data( "test1" ) ); //undefined
jQuery.data( div, "test1", "VALUE-1" );
jQuery.data( div, "test2", "VALUE-2" );
$( "span:eq(1)" ).text( "" + jQuery.data( div, "test1" ) ); // VALUE-1
jQuery.removeData( div, "test1" );
$( "span:eq(2)" ).text( "" + jQuery.data( div, "test1" ) ); // undefined
$( "span:eq(3)" ).text( "" + jQuery.data( div, "test2" ) ); // value2
</script>
</body>
</html><!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>removeData demo</title>
<style>
div {
margin: 2px;
color: blue;
}
span {
color: red;
}
</style>
<script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div>value1 before creation: <span></span></div>
<div>value1 after creation: <span></span></div>
<div>value1 after removal: <span></span></div>
<div>value2 after removal: <span></span></div>
<script>
$( "span:eq(0)" ).text( "" + $( "div" ).data( "test1" ) ); // undefined
$( "div" ).data( "test1", "VALUE-1" );
$( "div" ).data( "test2", "VALUE-2" );
$( "span:eq(1)" ).text( "" + $( "div").data( "test1" ) ); // VALUE-1
$( "div" ).removeData( "test1" );
$( "span:eq(2)" ).text( "" + $( "div" ).data( "test1" ) ); // undefined
$( "span:eq(3)" ).text( "" + $( "div" ).data( "test2" ) ); // VALUE-2
</script>
</body>
</html>$.removeData(elem, name)，.removeData(key) 源码解析：
$.extend({
// jQuery.removeData(elem,name,pvt)用于移除通过jQuery.data()设置的数据
removeData: function( elem, name, pvt /* Internal Use Only */ ) {
if ( !jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) {
return;
}
var thisCache, i, l,
// Reference to internal data cache key
internalKey = jQuery.expando,
isNode = elem.nodeType,
// See jQuery.data for more information
cache = isNode ? jQuery.cache : elem,
// See jQuery.data for more information
id = isNode ? elem[ internalKey ] : internalKey;
// If there is already no cache entry for this object, there is no
// purpose in continuing
if ( !cache[ id ] ) {
return;
}
// 如果传入参数name, 则移除一个或多个数据
if ( name ) {
thisCache = pvt ? cache[ id ] : cache[ id ].data;
if ( thisCache ) { // 只有数据缓存对象thisCache存在时，才有必要移除数据
// Support array or space separated string names for data keys
if ( !jQuery.isArray( name ) ) {
// try the string as a key before any manipulation
if ( name in thisCache ) {
name = [ name ];
} else {
// split the camel cased version by spaces unless a key with the spaces exists
name = jQuery.camelCase( name );
if ( name in thisCache ) {
name = [ name ];
} else {
name = name.split( " " );
}
}
}
// 遍历参数name中的数据名，用运算符delete逐个从数据缓存对象thisCache中移除
for ( i = 0, l = name.length; i < l; i++ ) {
delete thisCache[ name[i] ];
}
// If there is no data left in the cache, we want to continue
// and let the cache object itself get destroyed
if ( !( pvt ? isEmptyDataObject : jQuery.isEmptyObject )( thisCache ) ) {
return;
}
}
}
// See jQuery.data for more information
// 删除自定义数据缓存对象cache[id].data
if ( !pvt ) {
delete cache[ id ].data;
// Don't destroy the parent cache unless the internal data object
// had been the only thing left in it
if ( !isEmptyDataObject(cache[ id ]) ) {
return;
}
}
// Browsers that fail expando deletion also refuse to delete expandos on
// the window, but it will allow it on all other JS objects; other browsers
// don't care
// Ensure that `cache` is not a window object #10080
// 删除数据缓存对象cache[id]
if ( jQuery.support.deleteExpando || !cache.setInterval ) {
delete cache[ id ];
} else {
cache[ id ] = null;
}
// We destroyed the cache and need to eliminate the expando on the node to avoid
// false lookups in the cache for entries that no longer exist
// 删除DOM元素上扩展的jQuery.expando属性
if ( isNode ) {
// IE does not allow us to delete expando properties from nodes,
// nor does it have a removeAttribute function on Document nodes;
// we must handle all of these cases
if ( jQuery.support.deleteExpando ) {
delete elem[ internalKey ];
} else if ( elem.removeAttribute ) {
elem.removeAttribute( internalKey );
} else {
elem[ internalKey ] = null;
}
}
}
});
jQuery.fn.extend({
removeData: function( key ) {
return this.each(function() {
jQuery.removeData( this, key );
});
}
});
// checks a cache object for emptiness
function isEmptyDataObject( obj ) {
for ( var name in obj ) {
// if the public data object is empty, the private is still empty
if ( name === "data" && jQuery.isEmptyObject( obj[name] ) ) {
continue;
}
if ( name !== "toJSON" ) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}六、$.hasData(elem)
使用方法：
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>jQuery.hasData demo</title>
<script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<p>Results: </p>
<script>
var $p = jQuery( "p" ), p = $p[ 0 ];
$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // false
$.data( p, "testing", 123 );
$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // true
$.removeData( p, "testing" );
$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // false
$p.on( "click", function() {} );
$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // true
$p.off( "click" );
$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // false
</script>
</body>
</html>
$.hasData(elem) 源码解析：
$.extend({
hasData: function( elem ) {
elem = elem.nodeType ? jQuery.cache[ elem[jQuery.expando] ] : elem[ jQuery.expando ];
return !!elem && !isEmptyDataObject( elem );
// 如果关联的数据缓存对象存在，并且含有数据，则返回true, 否则返回false。 这里用两个逻辑非运算符! 把变量elem转换为布尔值
}
});关于“jQuery中数据缓存$.data怎么使用”的内容就介绍到这里了，感谢大家的阅读。如果想了解更多行业相关的知识，可以关注亿速云行业资讯频道，小编每天都会为大家更新不同的知识点。
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