在Go语言中,使用sync.Map
或第三方库如groupcache
、bigcache
等可以实现高效的缓存功能。下面是一个使用sync.Map
实现HashMap缓存的示例,并讨论如何优化缓存索引和缓存策略。
sync.Map
实现HashMap缓存package main
import (
"fmt"
"sync"
)
type Cache struct {
mu sync.RWMutex
items map[string]interface{}
}
func NewCache() *Cache {
return &Cache{
items: make(map[string]interface{}),
}
}
func (c *Cache) Get(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
c.mu.RLock()
defer c.mu.RUnlock()
value, ok := c.items[key]
return value, ok
}
func (c *Cache) Set(key string, value interface{}) {
c.mu.Lock()
defer c.mu.Unlock()
c.items[key] = value
}
func main() {
cache := NewCache()
// 设置缓存
cache.Set("key1", "value1")
cache.Set("key2", "value2")
// 获取缓存
if value, ok := cache.Get("key1"); ok {
fmt.Println("key1:", value)
} else {
fmt.Println("key1 not found")
}
if value, ok := cache.Get("key3"); ok {
fmt.Println("key3:", value)
} else {
fmt.Println("key3 not found")
}
}
为了优化缓存索引,可以考虑以下几点:
sync.RWMutex
)来控制缓存的并发访问,提高缓存的并发性能。下面是一个使用LRU策略和TTL设置的示例:
package main
import (
"container/list"
"fmt"
"sync"
"time"
)
type LRUCache struct {
capacity int
cache map[string]*list.Element
ll *list.List
mu sync.Mutex
}
type entry struct {
key string
value interface{}
expire time.Time
}
func NewLRUCache(capacity int) *LRUCache {
return &LRUCache{
capacity: capacity,
cache: make(map[string]*list.Element),
ll: list.New(),
}
}
func (c *LRUCache) Get(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
c.mu.Lock()
defer c.mu.Unlock()
if elem, ok := c.cache[key]; ok {
c.ll.MoveToFront(elem)
return elem.Value.(*entry).value, true
}
return nil, false
}
func (c *LRUCache) Set(key string, value interface{}, ttl time.Duration) {
c.mu.Lock()
defer c.mu.Unlock()
if elem, ok := c.cache[key]; ok {
c.ll.MoveToFront(elem)
elem.Value.(*entry).value = value
elem.Value.(*entry).expire = time.Now().Add(ttl)
} else {
if len(c.cache) >= c.capacity {
lastElem := c.ll.Back()
delete(c.cache, lastElem.Value.(*entry).key)
c.ll.Remove(lastElem)
}
entry := &entry{
key: key,
value: value,
expire: time.Now().Add(ttl),
}
elem := c.ll.PushFront(entry)
c.cache[key] = elem
}
}
func main() {
cache := NewLRUCache(2)
// 设置缓存
cache.Set("key1", "value1", 5*time.Second)
cache.Set("key2", "value2", 5*time.Second)
// 获取缓存
if value, ok := cache.Get("key1"); ok {
fmt.Println("key1:", value)
} else {
fmt.Println("key1 not found")
}
time.Sleep(6 * time.Second)
if value, ok := cache.Get("key1"); ok {
fmt.Println("key1:", value)
} else {
fmt.Println("key1 not found")
}
}
通过上述示例,你可以看到如何使用sync.Map
实现HashMap缓存,并通过优化缓存索引和缓存策略来提高缓存的性能。
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