本篇内容主要讲解“springboot restTemplate连接池整合方式是什么”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“springboot restTemplate连接池整合方式是什么”吧!
springboot restTemplate连接池整合
restTemplate
引入apache httpclient
RestTemplate配置类
RestTemplate连接池配置参数
测试带连接池的RestTemplate
RestTemplate 配置http连接池
使用http连接池能够减少连接建立与释放的时间，提升http请求的性能。如果客户端每次请求都要和服务端建立新的连接，即三次握手将会非常耗时。本文介绍如何在Springboot中集成http连接池；基于restTemplate+httpclient实现。
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.6</version> </dependency>
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 实际开发中要避免每次http请求都实例化httpclient
* restTemplate默认会复用连接,保证restTemplate单例即可
* 参考资料：
* https://www.cnblogs.com/xrq730/p/10963689.html
* https://halfrost.com/advance_tcp/
*/
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
@Bean
RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory) {
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(clientHttpRequestFactory);
List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();
for (HttpMessageConverter c : messageConverters) {
if (c instanceof StringHttpMessageConverter) {
((StringHttpMessageConverter) c).setDefaultCharset(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
}
}
return restTemplate;
}
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resttemplate")
HttpClientProperties httpClientProperties() {
return new HttpClientProperties();
}
@Bean
ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory(HttpClientProperties httpClientProperties) {
//如果不使用HttpClient的连接池，则使用restTemplate默认的SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory,底层基于HttpURLConnection
if (!httpClientProperties.isUseHttpClientPool()) {
SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
factory.setConnectTimeout(httpClientProperties.getConnectTimeout());
factory.setReadTimeout(httpClientProperties.getReadTimeout());
return factory;
}
//HttpClient4.3及以上版本不手动设置HttpClientConnectionManager,默认就会使用连接池PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().setMaxConnTotal(httpClientProperties.getMaxTotalConnect())
.setMaxConnPerRoute(httpClientProperties.getMaxConnectPerRoute()).evictExpiredConnections()
.evictIdleConnections(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).build();
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient);
factory.setConnectTimeout(httpClientProperties.getConnectTimeout());
factory.setReadTimeout(httpClientProperties.getReadTimeout());
factory.setConnectionRequestTimeout(httpClientProperties.getConnectionRequestTimeout());
return factory;
}
}public class HttpClientProperties {
/**
* 是否使用httpclient连接池
*/
private boolean useHttpClientPool = false;
/**
* 从连接池中获得一个connection的超时时间
*/
private int connectionRequestTimeout = 3000;
/**
* 建立连接超时时间
*/
private int connectTimeout = 3000;
/**
* 建立连接后读取返回数据的超时时间
*/
private int readTimeout = 5000;
/**
* 连接池的最大连接数，0代表不限
*/
private int maxTotalConnect = 128;
/**
* 每个路由的最大连接数
*/
private int maxConnectPerRoute = 32;
public int getConnectionRequestTimeout() {
return connectionRequestTimeout;
}
public void setConnectionRequestTimeout(int connectionRequestTimeout) {
this.connectionRequestTimeout = connectionRequestTimeout;
}
public int getConnectTimeout() {
return connectTimeout;
}
public void setConnectTimeout(int connectTimeout) {
this.connectTimeout = connectTimeout;
}
public int getReadTimeout() {
return readTimeout;
}
public void setReadTimeout(int readTimeout) {
this.readTimeout = readTimeout;
}
public int getMaxTotalConnect() {
return maxTotalConnect;
}
public void setMaxTotalConnect(int maxTotalConnect) {
this.maxTotalConnect = maxTotalConnect;
}
public int getMaxConnectPerRoute() {
return maxConnectPerRoute;
}
public void setMaxConnectPerRoute(int maxConnectPerRoute) {
this.maxConnectPerRoute = maxConnectPerRoute;
}
public boolean isUseHttpClientPool() {
return useHttpClientPool;
}
public void setUseHttpClientPool(boolean useHttpClientPool) {
this.useHttpClientPool = useHttpClientPool;
}
}application.properties
spring.resttemplate.connectionRequestTimeout=3000 spring.resttemplate.connectTimeout=3000 spring.resttemplate.readTimeout=10000 spring.resttemplate.maxTotalConnect=256 spring.resttemplate.maxConnectPerRoute=128 spring.resttemplate.useHttpClientPool=true
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.util.UriComponentsBuilder;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RestTemplateTest {
/**
* 免费查询号码归属地接口
*/
public String testUrl = "https://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm";
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Test
public void testRest() {
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.set("Accept", "application/json");
HttpEntity entity = new HttpEntity(headers);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
String tel = getRandomTel();
UriComponentsBuilder builder = UriComponentsBuilder.fromHttpUrl(testUrl).queryParam("tel", tel);
System.out.println("发送请求：" + builder.build().encode().toUri());
long startInner = System.currentTimeMillis();
ResponseEntity<String> getDistrictRes = restTemplate.exchange(builder.build().encode().toUri(), HttpMethod.GET, entity, String.class);
long endInner = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("costPerRequest:" + (endInner - startInner) + ",i=" + i + "," + Thread.currentThread().getName());
String resJson = getDistrictRes.getBody().split("=")[1];
String carrier = (String) JSON.parseObject(resJson).get("carrier");
System.out.println("," + tel + ",归属地:" + carrier);
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("costTotal:" + (end - start));
}
private String getRandomTel() {
List<String> telList = Arrays.asList("18120168516", "15952044278", "15537788259", "18751872329", "13913329187");
int index = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(telList.size());
return telList.get(index);
}
}测试比较发现，如果不设置ClientHttpRequestFactory，resttemplate默认会使用SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory，底层基于HttpURLConnection；这种方式和手动设置带连接池的httpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory性能差别不大，基于httpclient的连接池性能稍有优势，不是太明显。
不管是使用restTemplate默认的SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory还是使用httpclient提供的HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory，都会进行连接复用，即只有第一次请求耗时较高，后面的请求都复用连接。
使用httpclient可以设置evictExpiredConnections、evictIdleConnections进行定时清理过期、闲置连接。底层是开启了一个线程去执行清理任务，因此注意不能多次实例化httpclient相关的实例，会导致不断创建线程。
注意事项
实际开发中要避免每次http请求都实例化httpclient
restTemplate默认会复用连接,保证restTemplate单例即
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateUtil{
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
RestTemplate restTemplate = builder.build();
restTemplate.setRequestFactory(clientHttpRequestFactory());
// 使用 utf-8 编码集的 conver 替换默认的 conver（默认的 string conver 的编码集为"ISO-8859-1"）
List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();
Iterator<HttpMessageConverter<?>> iterator = messageConverters.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
HttpMessageConverter<?> converter = iterator.next();
if (converter instanceof StringHttpMessageConverter) {
iterator.remove();
}
}
messageConverters.add(new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
return restTemplate;
}
@Bean
public HttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnectionManager() {
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
poolingConnectionManager.setMaxTotal(1000); // 连接池最大连接数
poolingConnectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(100); // 每个主机的并发
return poolingConnectionManager;
}
@Bean
public HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder() {
HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClientBuilder.create();
//设置HTTP连接管理器
httpClientBuilder.setConnectionManager(poolingConnectionManager());
return httpClientBuilder;
}
@Bean
public ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory() {
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
clientHttpRequestFactory.setHttpClient(httpClientBuilder().build());
clientHttpRequestFactory.setConnectTimeout(6000); // 连接超时，毫秒
clientHttpRequestFactory.setReadTimeout(6000); // 读写超时，毫秒
return clientHttpRequestFactory;
}
}到此，相信大家对“springboot restTemplate连接池整合方式是什么”有了更深的了解，不妨来实际操作一番吧！这里是亿速云网站，更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询，关注我们，继续学习！
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